Eggs may be linked to rise in food-borne ills

The N.C. Laboratory of Public Health has detected nearly five times as many cases of a food-borne illness called Salmonella enteritidis in 2005, as compared with the first six months in 2004. State health officials are continuing to investigate, and no common source for all these cases has been found.

But recent outbreaks of the illness in nearby states have largely been associated with eggs, as have several of North Carolina's previous outbreaks, reports Dave Harbin for The Charlotte Observer.

Salmonella can be found inside eggs that appear perfectly normal but, if the eggs are eaten raw or undercooked, the bacterium can cause illness.

Eggs can be an important source of nutrition but, unlike egg-borne salmonellosis of past decades, the current epidemic has been traced to intact and disinfected grade A eggs. The reason is that salmonella can infect healthy appearing hens and contaminate eggs before the shells are even formed. These food-safety rules can help you avoid these illnesses:
 

  • Don't eat raw eggs or foods containing raw eggs, like cookie dough, blender drinks, homemade mayonnaise, or homemade ice cream. Use a pasteurized liquid egg product or pasteurized in-shell eggs if the food won't be cooked before eating. Buy clean eggs. Choose Grade A or AA eggs with clean, uncracked shells.
  • Keep eggs refrigerated in their carton in the coldest part of the refrigerator, not in the door, and use them within three to five weeks. The refrigerator should be set at 40 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) or slightly cooler.
  • Freeze eggs for longer storage by breaking the eggs, beating the yolks and whites together, and putting the mixture in a freezer container. Use frozen eggs within one year.
  • Cook eggs until yolks are firm. Poaching, hard cooking, scrambling, frying and baking are some of the cooking methods that can be used to safely cook eggs.
  • Eat eggs promptly after cooking. Do not keep eggs warm for more than two hours.
  • Cleanliness is very important. Wash hands, utensils, equipment and work areas with warm, soapy water before and after contact with eggs and egg-rich foods.
     

About-Salmonella website is resource for victims of outbreak linked to Il Fornaio -- Beverly Hills restaurant

The LA County Department of Health Services issued a health alert Wednesday to diners who ate at the Il Fornaio restaurant located at 310 N. Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills. At least three people became ill with Salmonella infections and two were hospitalized after eating at Il Fornaio between July 12 and 16. The restaurant used raw and undercooked eggs in some of its recipes.

www.About-Salmonella.com provides information on the symptoms and risks involved with Salmonella infection, together with links to information on outbreaks and resources for victims. Marler Clark, the Seattle attorneys who have represented hundreds of victims of Salmonella outbreaks, sponsor the site.

Marler said, "Il Fornaio could have taken some very simple steps to preventing illness among its customers, starting with using pasteurized shell eggs in recipes that call for raw or under-cooked eggs."
 

Salmonella Spikes In 2005

In North Carolina, 453 cases of salmonella have been reported in the first five months of 2005, according to North Carolina's State Health Director Leah Devlin, M.D.

The North Carolina cases to date are four times the number of cases reported through all of 2004, and the state's division of public health believes that the outbreak resulted from ingesting raw or undercooked eggs, according to WFMY News 2.

In the report, Dr. Devlin stated: "The bacterium that causes Salmonella enteritidis can be found inside seemingly normal eggs, but if eggs are eaten raw or undercooked, the bacteria can cause sickness and even death."

In the past several months alone, salmonella has sickened individuals in numerous states. Already this summer, residents in Minnesota, Washington, Oregon and Ohio were allegedly sickened by Salmonella typhimurium after consuming ice cream purchased at Cold Stone Creamery outlets. The ice cream was recalled last month.

The FDA also suggests using pasteurized eggs for all dishes that call for raw or softly cooked eggs.

The National Restaurant Association is also trying to increase awareness levels, recommending that eggs be cooked to 145 degrees, and held there, in order to eliminate salmonella. Few cooks actually temperature test their egg dishes, in turn preparing many eggs in styles with soft yolks that don't meet these safe temperature levels, such as over-easy eggs which are a favorite for dunking toast.
 

Salmonella outbreak reported at Beverly Hills restaurant

There has been an outbreak of salmonella at a popular Beverly Hills restaurant.

Los Angeles County health officials say at least three people who ate at Il Fornaio in Beverly Hills have contracted salmonellosis, and they are searching for other diners who also may have gotten ill.

A Department of Health Services spokeswoman says the three patrons have all recovered or are recovering. She says the cases likely stemmed from the restaurant's use of raw or undercooked eggs.
 

Outbreaks of E. Coli Off; Not so Salmonella

Federal disease detectives say they've seen a significant decline in rates of E. coli infections because of better testing of the meat supply, but they're making slow progress against contamination by drug-resistant strains of salmonella.

Robert Tauxe, chief of the foodborne-disease unit at the CDC, said he's also concerned by increasing rates of contamination of shellfish - mainly raw oysters - from a bacterium called vibrio that can be lethal to people with chronic liver problems.

Tauxe said the industry is responding to the problem, and he noted that this year, California's Almond Board is requiring that all nuts harvested be pasteurized after sporadic cases of salmonella were traced to raw almonds. Some 95 percent of the almond crop was already being treated through roasting or heating to kill the pathogen.

Tauxe said CDC disease detectives are also improving their ability to use genetic fingerprints to track the source of outbreaks.

He said fingerprinting was responsible for last year's breakthrough that allowed the CDC to match several outbreaks at Mexican and Italian restaurants in Pennsylvania to Roma tomatoes shipped from a Florida distributor.

Tauxe said government surveillance data shows that the meat industry has made improvements in averting outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7, a particularly virulent strain of the common pathogen that can attack the kidneys of young children and has killed some.
 

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and Blue Care Network Provide 'Food for Thought' for Safe Summer Picnics

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and Blue Care Network are working to help keep everyone cool, calm and well all season long.

"If you're packing a picnic, the recipe for perfect outdoor events includes preparing your food properly. Unless you freeze dishes, don't prepare your picnic items more than one day ahead," says George Kipa, M.D., deputy corporate medical director for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. "Be sure foods like potato salad are quickly cooled after making to retard bacteria growth."

Other tips include:
 

  • Once at the site, keep this and other mayonnaise-based foods cold. One way is to serve it in a bowl kept on ice. The two more common bacteria that cause food poisoning, salmonella and shigella, are always waiting for an opportunity to become uninvited guests and ruin a good time outdoors.
  • Keeping food at around 40 degrees in a cooler will prevent bacteria growth. Use commercial frozen packs. Keep cold drinks in a separate cooler from food, Kipa recommends.
  • Since the trunk of your car can reach upwards of 150 degrees, try transporting your cooler in the passenger area. Once at the site, store it in the shade or keep a blanket over it for extra insulation. Keep it closed and out of the sun until you're ready to serve.
  • Melons can be a wonderful taste treat at the picnic table, but because they are not acidic, they are good bacteria nurseries, often on the rind. Wash all watermelons, honeydew or muskmelons before cutting and serving, and keep these and all other ready-to-eat foods away from uncooked meats, poultry or seafood.
  • Don't partially pre-cook food and finish cooking the day of the event. Doing so encourages bacteria growth, and reheating does not make it safe, Kipa advises. If you're serving hot food, keep it hot. Don't reuse utensils that have touched raw foods unless you wash them in hot, soapy water first.
  • Wash your hands as well each time after handling raw foods. Thoroughly cook foods like burgers, and make sure poultry is cooked until juices run clear. Don't use the same plate to serve meats that you prepared them on unless they're thoroughly washed first, and never reuse marinades.
  • When the party is over, properly refrigerate leftovers and freeze them if you don't plan to use them within a day. And remember the abiding rule of all good party hosts: When in doubt, throw it out.
     

 

Salmonellosis

There is a large variety of Salmonellae organisms that can cause the food infection Salmonellosis.

These bacteria grow inside the host and produce a toxin which causes illness by irritating the intestinal walls. One million or more organisms must be ingested in order to cause illness.

Most cases of salmonellosis are a result of contact of prepared foods with raw meet or its juices. Eating raw or rare meat is also a danger. Other cases result from insufficiently cooked poultry, eggs, and dairy products especially when kept unrefrigerated for longer periods of time.

Salmonellae bacteria can be prevented by cleanliness and sanitation of food handlers and equipment, pasteurization, and refrigeration.
 

Outbreak clues sought

Oneida County health officials have yet to find the cause of a recent outbreak of food poisoning that left two people hospitalized.

Kenneth Fanelli, public information officer for the Oneida County Health Department, said the department is searching for a "commonality" in 10 cases of salmonellosis, which is caused by eating foods contaminated with the salmonella bacteria.

Officials are not overly concerned, but caution the public to properly cook and prepare foods, he said.
 

Search still on for source of salmonella cases in Williston

Health officials are still searching for the source of 15 cases of salmonella reported here in late May and early June.

Julie Goplin, an epidemiologist for the State Health Department, said the first case found in Williston was May 23 and the last cases were reported June 14. Health officials said one woman, who was older than 65, died. She has not been identified.

A food supplier may be a source of the salmonella, but no link to all the cases has been pinpointed in Williston, she said. DNA samples taken in North Dakota have been sent to the CDC to see if they match samples that were taken in 17 other states.
 

Economart cleared in salmonella outbreak

No common source has been found for all 15 cases of salmonella cases reported in late May and early June in Williston, but a search for a possible food supplier responsible is going nationwide.

The original cases seemed they had a common link to Economart, but as we included further cases to the report, we could not determine the same link to the store. Therefore, the source of the cases remains unknown at this time," said Julie Goplin, an epidemiologist for the State Health Department.

"We reported all cases to the Center for Disease Control and found matches to this strain nationwide. There were 28 others in 17 states ... There may be a possible source in all the cases. If it happened about the same time in 17 other states, it leads us to believe there may be a possible common source in the supplier," Goplin said.
 

Schnucks issues orange juice recall advisory

Orchid Island Juice Company of Fort Pier, Fla. has voluntarily recalled a variety of brands of unpasteurized, fresh-squeezed orange juice with an expiration date from prior to July 25, 2005. This includes the Schnucks Premium Brand of orange juice sold at the Bettendorf store.

The company says this product could be potentially contaminated with salmonella typhimurium.

Tainted dessert sickens youths

A Snohomish County teen was hospitalized after eating Cold Stone Creamery ice cream that may have been tainted with a rare strain of salmonella.

The teen is thought to be the only person in Snohomish County hospitalized by the food-borne illness, although investigations are continuing, said Donn Moyer, spokesman for the state's public health agency. The teen has since been released from the hospital.

A second pre-teen girl from Snohomish County was not hospitalized but is thought to have been sickened by salmonella.

The local cases are among a total of five people in the state and 15 in the nation. Three of the Washington cases have been tied to eating cake-batter ice cream at Cold Stone stores. The company is pulling the flavor from the shelves of its 1,000 stores nationally, said Dr. Jo Hofmann, state epidemiologist for communicable disease.
 

Research and Markets: Understanding Pathogen Behaviour: Virulence, Stress Response and Resistance

Research and Markets has announced the addition of Understanding Pathogen Behaviour: Virulence, Stress Response and Resistance to their offering.

Pathogens respond dynamically to their environment. Understanding their behaviour is critical both because of evidence of increased resistance to established sanitation and preservation techniques, and because of the increased use of minimal processing technologies which are more vulnerable to the development of resistance. "Understanding Pathogen Behaviour" summarises the wealth of recent research and its implications for the food industry.

After two introductory chapters on ways of analysing and modelling pathogens, Part 1 summarises current research on what determines pathogenicity, stress response, adaptation and resistance. Part 2 reviews the behaviour of particular pathogens, reviewing virulence, stress response and resistance mechanisms in such pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and Campylobacter. The final part of the book assesses how pathogens react and adapt to particular stresses from heat treatment and the effects of low temperature to the use of disinfectants and sanitizers.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, "Understanding Pathogen Behaviour" will be a standard reference for the food industry in ensuring food safety.
 

W.Va. woman sues over tainted orange juice

A woman who says she became ill after drinking orange juice tainted with salmonella is suing the Florida producer, claiming it was negligent in selling an unpasteurized product in West Virginia, Michigan and elsewhere.

Heather Dowdy of Caldwell filed the lawsuit against Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Fla., late Thursday in U.S. District Court. Her lawyer, Seattle food illness specialist Bill Marler, said it may be the first of several cases.

15 cases of illness between mid-May and June have been linked to consumption of Orchid Island Juice in Michigan, Ohio and Massachusetts. At least 16 other states have reported cases of salmonella that match the strain, but the FDA said it still was investigating to see if they were related to Orchid Island.

Orchid Island Juice has said it's cooperating with investigators in identifying the source of the contamination. On July 8, Orchid Island Juice announced a recall of unpasteurized orange juice products it said may have been contaminated with salmonella. Last week, it expanded the list of brands.
 

Marler Clark files lawsuit against Orchid Island, maker of unpasteurized Salmonella-contaminated orange juice

A salmonella lawsuit has been filed against Orchid Island Juice Company of Fort Pierce, Florida. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Heather Dowdy, a Caldwell, West Virginia resident who became ill with a Salmonella infection after consuming Orchid Island unpasteurized orange juice.

Ms. Dowdy is represented by Marler Clark, the Seattle law firm nationally recognized for the successful representation of victims of foodborne illness and David Delk, a respected Wheeling, West Virginia, lawyer.

"After the Odwalla and Sun Orchard outbreaks in 1996 and 1999, I would have thought that a juice producer would have more sense than to sell unpasteurized juice and risk facing me in a courtroom after they had poisoned their customers," said William Marler, managing partner of Marler Clark. "But I guess the lesson has not been learned by all."

In the lawsuit, which is based on the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Marler alleges that "Orchid Island had a duty to use supplies and raw materials . . . free from adulteration and fit for human consumption, but failed to do so."

Marler continued, "If Orchid Island had only pasteurized their juice, this outbreak would not have occurred. Heather Dowdy went through a terrible ordeal. She and other victims did not deserve this."
 

Tainted tomato case headed for mediation

Lawyers may begin trying to hammer out financial settlements for hundreds of people who were sickened by a batch of salmonella-tainted tomatoes last summer.

Seattle attorney Bill Marler, who specializes in food-related illness, said that if a judge approves, he will begin talks with attorneys for the Altoona, Pennsylvania-based Sheetz convenience store chain and its former supplier, the now bankrupt Coronet Foods Inc. of Wheeling, West Virginia.

Marler represents 98 of the more than 400 people who were sickened in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia and six other states after eating Roma tomatoes served at Sheetz stores last year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traced the produce to a Florida packing house where no trace of the bacteria was found.

Food inspectors also said Coronet and Sheetz did nothing wrong, but they can be held liable because they supplied and prepared the tomatoes for human consumption.

Marler said claims in the current case range from $30,000 to $800,000, depending on the severity of the victims' illness, whether they were hospitalized and whether they have continuing health problems.
 

Food detectives

Whenever there is an outbreak of food-borne illnesses, Dean Bodager and other members of the Florida Department of Health track down the source. Most outbreaks occur at the point of preparation -- a restaurant employee who didn't wash his or her hands properly, food that wasn't kept at the correct temperature to prevent bacteria growth, or some sort of cross-contamination.

But sometimes it's more difficult, such as when health officials learn of people who have fallen ill but did not eat at the same restaurant or buy food from the same market. That's when the epidemiologists become detectives, interviewing those who have been ill, dissecting their meals and eliminating suspects to find a common thread and, ultimately, the source.

Bodager says the questions investigators ask are carefully tailored to the specific type of infection. Bacteria have different profiles and each takes a specific length of time to cause illness. Hepatitis takes about 30 days, E. coli three to five days, salmonella poisoning one to three, sometimes five, days. Cyclospora can take up to a week and a half. By knowing the type of parasite or bacteria and when the person got ill, investigators know what period of time to look at to determine the point of infection.
 

Limited Recall of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe Issued

OBIM, a Ready Pac affiliated producer of fresh cut fruit, is announcing a one-time recall of various fresh cut cantaloupe items due to a small potential risk of salmonella contamination.

OBIM was informed that one of its cantaloupe suppliers, Martori Farms of Scottsdale, Arizona indicated that a sample of raw cantaloupes tested positive for salmonella on the cantaloupe skin.

These items are sold to retail stores under both the OBIM and Ready Pac brand names and are packaged in sealed, clear plastic containers ranging in size from 6 to 80 oz. They are distributed in the states of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas.
 

Petting Zoo Safety

For young children, a trip to a petting zoo is a recreational and educational treat. With the rise in popularity of petting zoos, there's a potential for the rise of E.coli and salmonella infections, mostly as a result of people not washing their hands.

Taking the simple precautions of washing immediately after visiting a petting zoo and not preparing food with hands that have touched potentially infectious animals can make all the difference.

Dr. Jeanne Ellen Hyrciuk, MD, FCAP, reminds visitors about safeguarding against the hazards of disease-inducing bacteria by carefully supervising children, having people wash their hands after contact with petting zoo animals and looking out for signs of illness such as nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea or fever.
 

State looking into salmonella cluster in Oneida County

The state health department is investigating a cluster of Salmonella poisoning in central New York over the past month.

The Oneida County Health Department has reported seven cases of Salmonella since the end of June. The department told WKTV the rate of cases is far above average for the area.

Two people have been hospitalized and released. All victims are adults, aged 37 to 76.
 

Company reissues orange juice recall

Orchid Island Juice Co. has expanded the list of brands involved in its recall last week of unpasteurized orange juice that has been linked to more than a dozen illnesses from possible salmonella contamination.

Fifteen cases of illness have been linked to the juice products in Michigan, Ohio and Massachusetts. At least 16 other states have reported illnesses involving the same strain of salmonella. Those cases are being investigated for possible connections to the juice products.

The recalled unpasteurized orange juice, with date codes of July 25 or earlier, was sold under the following labels:

  • Natalie's Orchid Island Juice Company
  • Ultimate Juice
  • Albritton Fruit
  • Finagle A Bagel
  • Gourmet Garage
  • Kings Market
  • Nino Salvaggio
  • Schnucks
  • Wegmans
  • Balducci's
  • Zabars


The recall also includes the following brands of unpasteurized frozen orange juice:

  • Just Pik't and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice Co
  • Floridella
  • Herders and St. Marc
  • Sundecker

Health Department investigates seven salmonella cases

Seven cases of people being sickened by salmonella have been reported in the county since June 24, and the county Health Department is investigating.

In all of 2004, there were 18 cases in the county.

The seven cases being investigated were reported by people who do not live in the same community. Two patients required hospitalization, but have since been discharged. All of the cases involve adults ranging in age from 37 to 76.

Salmonella bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by contact with infected people or animals. Symptoms usually develop within one to six days.
 

OJ contamination sparks industry fears

The discovery of potential Salmonella Typhimurium contamination in an orange juice product has compounded worries over falling juice sales in the US.

The FDA has warned consumers against drinking certain unpasteurized orange juice products distributed under a variety of brand names by Florida-based Orchid Island Juice Company because of potential Salmonella Typhimurium contamination.

Dr Robert Brackett, director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition reminds consumers that "It is important to note, however, that the vast majority of orange juice sold in stores is pasteurized and safe to drink."

The FDA says that there have been 15 reported cases to date of a matching strain of illness directly linked to a history of consumption of Orchid Island Juice from mid-May to June in Michigan, Ohio and Massachusetts.

In addition, at least 16 other states have reported cases of Salmonella Typhimurium infection that match this specific strain. Further investigations are underway to determine if these infections are also related to these products or not.

The products do not bear a warning label that the juice is unpasteurized. Such warning labels do appear on many unpasteurized juice products, so consumers should not assume these products are safe to consume simply because they do not bear the "unpasteurized" warning label.
 

Illness linked to orange juice produced in Fort Pierce

Strong evidence links orange juice produced at Orchid Island Juice Co. in Fort Pierce to an outbreak of 15 cases of illness caused by a strain of salmonella, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday.

Orchid Island, which produces unpasteurized fresh-squeezed orange juice, issued a voluntary recall of its orange juice from stores nationwide and has asked consumers to return any juice on hand to retail stores for a full refund.

None of the illness associated with the juice has occurred in Florida, the FDA said in issuing a nationwide warning to consumers against drinking the juice distributed under the labels Nino Salvaggio's, Westborn Market and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice.

The containers identify the juice as fresh or freshly squeezed and do not have a warning that the juice is unpasteurized, the FDA said.

"There has been nothing confirmed. We have done a voluntary recall," said Marygrace Sexton, chief executive officer of Orchid Island. "It has not been found in the juice or the facility."

Sexton said the privately held company, which has annual revenues of roughly $20 million, said the company is now flash-pasteurizing its juice.
 

Marler Clark Calls on FDA to Ban Sale of Unpasteurized Juices

The FDA has announced that Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Florida was recalling unpasteurized orange juice after fifteen cases of Salmonella Typhimurium were traced to consumption of Orchid Island orange juice.

In light of the FDA's recall announcement, Seattle attorney William Marler of Marler Clark has called again on the FDA to completely ban the sale of all unpasteurized juices.

"It is simply outrageous that after all we've learned about the importance of pasteurizing fruit juice, especially after the Odwalla and Sun Orchard outbreaks, we still have companies selling unpasteurized juices without warnings, the government allowing it, and people getting sick because of it," said Marler. "Why the FDA would allow a company to produce an unpasteurized product and allow no warning label is beyond me."

"I've represented thousands of victims of Salmonella outbreaks," Marler continued. "Infections are not pretty. These people suffer from intense abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and severe nausea and vomiting. These 15 people could be perfectly healthy had the juice they were sold been pasteurized."
 

Fruit juice may have sickened 11 in Michigan

The Michigan Department of Community Health is investigating a possible outbreak of salmonella poisoning that appears to be linked to unpasteurized orange juice that has been voluntarily recalled at local Westborn and Nino Salvaggio stores.

The food-borne illness struck 11 Michigan residents, who drank juice manufactured by Orchid Island Juice Co. in Fort Pierce, Fla., between early May and June, according to the Michigan Department of Community Health. Of the 11 cases, eight were children and five people were hospitalized. Other cases are under investigation.

The company bottles the juice, labeled freshly squeezed, under various brands, including the Westborn and Nino Salvaggio labels. Those with the disease all bought the juice at stores in Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, Livingston and Washtenaw counties.

Last week, the FDA issued a warning about drinking unpasteurized juice under brand names by Orchid Island Juice. But Marygrace Sexton, the company's CEO, said officials still are investigating and have not confirmed that salmonella was found in the juice. However, the company decided to voluntarily recall the orange juice with expiration dates through July 25.

Health officials said that about 2 percent of orange juice in the country is unpasteurized and they reminded Michigan residents of the risks. Michigan had 406 salmonella cases this year.
 

Michigan health officials investigate at least 11 salmonella infections

State health officials are investigating at least 11 salmonella infections among Michigan residents who drank unpasteurized orange juice recalled by a Florida company.

The cases were reported between early May and early June, Michigan Department of Community Health director Janet Olszewski said in a statement. Eight were reported in children and five required hospitalization. There have been no deaths.

Several other cases in Michigan and elsewhere are under investigation, Olszewski said.

The infections appear to be linked to unpasteurized orange juice products recalled Friday by Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Fla. The company said at the time it was recalling the products due to possible salmonella contamination.

The juice is packaged and distributed under a variety of brand names, including Nino Salvaggio's, Westborn Market and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice, among others.

The products do not bear a warning label that the juice is unpasteurized. While 98 percent of juice in the United States is pasteurized, the rest, mostly freshly squeezed juice, is not, the MDCH said.
 

MARLERCLARK CALLS ON FDA TO BAN SALE OF UNPASTEURIZED JUICES

In light of the July 8, 2005 FDA recall of unpasteurized juice produced by Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Florida, Seattle attorney William Marler of Marler Clark (www.marlerclark.com), has called again on the FDA to completely ban the sale of all unpasteurized juices. "It is simply outrageous that after all we've learned about the importance of pasteurizing fruit juice, especially after the Odwalla and Sun Orchard outbreaks, we still have companies selling unpasteurized juices, and the government allowing it. This must stop," said Mr. Marler. According to the FDA, fifteen cases of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium have been directly linked with consumption of Orchid Island juice in Michigan, Ohio, and Massachusetts from mid-May to mid-June.

"Not only was Orchid Island exempted from using pasteurization, it also appears that the FDA may have exempted it from labeling its juice as unpasteurized. Why the FDA would allow a company to produce an unpasteurized product and allow no warning label in beyond me," Marler added. The FDA in 1998 had set forth a labeling requirement that stated: "WARNING: This product has not been pasteurized and, therefore, may contain harmful bacteria which can cause serious illness in children, the elderly, and persons with weakened immune systems."

Prior Salmonella Outbreaks in Orange Juice

May-June, 1995: Salmonella Serovars Hartford, Gaminara and Rubislaw -- In Orlando, Florida, U.S.A., cases of Salmonella infections were reported at a Walt Disney World theme park after people drank unpasteurized orange juice. There were 63 cases from 21 states (average age 10 years old) and 22% were hospitalized. No deaths occurred. Salmonella of three different serotypes were found (Parish, 1998, Smith De Waal et al., 1999). Isolates of the three serovars from the patients, orange juice and processing environment demonstrated a link between the facility and the outbreak (Parish, 1997). Amphibians are suspected to be the source of contamination (Parish, 2000). JAMA. 1999 May 26; 281(20):1892-3.

February, 1999: Salmonella enterica -- In Adelaide, Australia there were approximately 500 laboratory confirmed cases of Salmonella infection from fresh, chilled, unpasteurized orange juice. No deaths occurred. The Knispel Fruit Juice Pty Ltd's orange juice called "Nippy's" was found to be the cause of the outbreak (Steene, 1999). Oranges from a fresh fruit packing house were the source of the contamination (Parish, 2000).

June 1999: Salmonella Muenchen -- In the summer of 1999, over 400 people became infected and one died as a result of drinking either frozen or fresh unpasteurized orange juice contaminated with Salmonella Muenchen. The product was sold by the bottle and in bulk to restaurants, hotels and other food establishments. Thus, 15 US states were involved and 2 Canadian provinces. The juice was produced by Sun Orchard Inc. in Tempe, Arizona and was labeled under a number of different brand names (Sun Orchard, Aloha, Zupan, etc.) (Steinberg, 1999). The causative organism was isolated from samples of the packaged raw juice as well as from storage vats within the packaging facility. Three other Salmonella strains were also isolated from the product at the plant in Tempe, Arizona. Import of Mexican orange juice that contained melted ice is the suspected source of contamination. This was the largest Salmonella outbreak associated with unpasteurized orange juice. JAMA. 1999; 282:726-728.

April 2000: Salmonella enteritidis -- Seventy-four confirmed cases of Salmonellosis were reported in 7 US states. No deaths occurred. California Day-Fresh Foods, who sells the unpasteurized juice as "Naked Juice" and "Ferraro's", was implicated in the outbreak. The source of contamination is unknown. Source: Press Release, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, April 20, 2000.

About Salmonella

Salmonella is one of the most common enteric (intestinal) infections in the U.S. The reported incidence of Salmonella illnesses are about 17 cases per each 100,000 persons.

Over 40,000 actual cases are reported and confirmed yearly in the U.S. As only about 3% of Salmonella cases are officially reported nationwide, and many milder cases are never diagnosed, the true incidence is undoubtedly much higher. It is more common in the warmer months of the year. Approximately 500 to 1,000 persons or 31% of all food-related deaths are caused by Salmonella infections in the U.S. every year.

According to the April 15, 2005 MMWR article on FoodNet data, five Salmonella serotypes accounted for 56% of all Salmonella infections, as follows: Typhimurium, (20%); Enteritidis, (15%); Newport, (10%); Javiana, (7%); and Heidelberg, (5%).

Salmonellosis

The acute symptoms of Salmonella gastroenteritis include the sudden onset of nausea, abdominal cramping, and bloody diarrhea with mucous. The onset of symptoms usually occurs within 6 to 72 hours after the ingestion of the bacteria. The infectious dose is small, probably from 15 to 20 cells. There is no real cure for a Salmonella infection (or salmonellosis), except treatment of the symptoms. For most strains of Salmonella, the fatality rate is less than one percent. Symptoms of Salmonella infection include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and/or vomiting. The diarrhea may be non-bloody, occur several times per day, and not be very voluminous, although in severe cases it may be frequent, bloody and/or mucoid, and of high volume. Fever generally occurs in the 38(degree) C to 39(degree) C range. Vomiting is less common than diarrhea. Headaches, myalgias (muscle pain), and arthralgias (joint pain) are often reported as well. Whereas the diarrhea typically lasts 24 to 72 hours, patients often report fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms lasting 7 days or longer.

About Marler Clark, LLP PS

The attorneys at Marler Clark, www.marlerclark.com, have extensive experience representing victims of foodborne illnesses. The firm has successfully represented victims of Salmonella related to contaminated sprouts, cantaloupe, cereal, orange juice, and other foods. The firm has represented over 1,500 victims of Salmonella infections since William Marler represented Brianne Kiner in her $15.6 million E. coli settlement with Jack in the Box in 1993. Mr. Marler represented most of the ill victims of the Odwalla Apple Juice E. coli outbreak in 1996 and the Sun Orchard Salmonella Orange Juice outbreak in 1999. For more information on Salmonella cases see, http://www.marlerclark.com/news-salmonella.htm, www.salmonellalitigation.com and www.salmonellablog.com. William Marler can be reached at bmarler@marlerclark.com and 1-206-346-1890.

Unpasteurized OJ May Be Contaminated

Unpasteurized orange juice products from Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Fla. are being recalled, because they may be contaminated with salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections.

The juice is packaged and distributed under a variety of brand names, including Nino Salvaggio's, Westborn Market and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice.

The products do not bear a warning label that the juice is unpasteurized.

So far, health officials have tied the contaminated products to 15 reported cases of illness.
 

Lukewarm meals, raw eggs harbor food-borne illnesses

The best defense against salmonellosis and other food-borne diseases is safe food handling. For 20 years, the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service has been trying to get that message to consumers.

But changes in the food industry and Americans' eating habits make the job challenging, reports The Washington Post. An estimated 76 million cases of food poisoning occur each year in the United States; some 5,000 are fatal, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

To avoid infection at home: Wash hands and utensils after preparing raw meat. Put hot-off-the-grill burgers onto a clean plate -- not the one that held uncooked meat. Cook food thoroughly and serve hot food hot. Don't thaw meat at room temperature. Scrub produce before slicing it.

For eating out, here are a few other tips:
 

  • Shun any fresh-cooked food that doesn't arrive at your table piping hot.
  • Ditto for any cold food that appears lukewarm.
  • Pass up foods with raw eggs, a common source of salmonella bacteria. Ceasar salads, hollandaise sauce and French silk pie are among foods that often contain them.
  • Order your food cooked to a safe internal temperature.
  • Doggie bags may seem like a good idea, but chuck any food that you can't refrigerate within two hours. In summer heat, make that one hour.
     

Food-borne illness on the rise

The North Carolina Laboratory of Public Health has detected nearly five times as many cases of the food-borne illness Salmonella enteritidis so far this year compared to the first six months in 2004, indicating a troubling rise in S. enteritidis cases statewide.

Surrounding states are experiencing similar increases in Salmonella enteritidis. North Carolina's divisions of Public Health and Environmental Health are working with other agencies here and in those states, as well as with the CDC, to halt the rapid increase of S. enteritidis. No common source has yet been identified for the North Carolina outbreak, so health officials are continuing their investigation.

However, recent outbreaks of the illness in nearby states have largely been associated with eggs, as have several of North Carolina's previous outbreaks. Beef, poultry, and unpasteurized milk have also been associated with outbreaks of this type of Salmonella.
 

How to avoid the scourge of salmonella

The best defense against salmonellosis and other food-borne diseases is safe food handling. The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service has been trying to get that message to consumers. But changes in the food industry and Americans' eating habits make the job challenging.

An estimated 76 million cases of food poisoning occur each year in the United States; 5,000 are fatal, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

For eating out, here are a few tips:


â–  Shun any fresh-cooked food that doesn't arrive at your table piping hot. Ditto for any cold food that appears lukewarm.

â–  Pass up foods containing raw eggs -- a common source of salmonella bacteria.

â–  Order your food cooked to a safe internal temperature. The recommended temperature for a hamburger is 160 degrees.
 

Judge Allows 92 to File Claims In Tainted Tomatoes Case

A judge has given attorneys representing 92 victims of a 2004 salmonella outbreak in West Virginia and eight other states the green light to proceed with their claims against Pennsylvania-based Sheetz and the now-defunct Coronet Foods.

The plaintiffs are among more than 400 people sickened when they ate sandwiches prepared with sliced Roma tomatoes contaminated by salmonella bacteria. Although the salmonella was not traced directly to either company, by law both can be held strictly liable - Coronet because it supplied the tainted tomatoes and Sheetz because it sold sandwiches with those tomatoes to the plaintiffs.

Coronet, which had been headquartered in Wheeling, filed bankruptcy in the months following the outbreak, forcing an automatic stay in the Pennsylvania lawsuit as well as other potential litigation.
 

About-Salmonella website is resource for outbreak linked to Rock Springs Restaurant

Sweetwater County Environmental Health officials have traced a Salmonella outbreak to the Sand's restaurant located on 9th Street in Rock Springs, Wyoming. At least eight patrons have become ill with Salmonella poisoning.\

Resources for victims of Salmonella outbreaks are available on the Web, with sponsored sites on Salmonella and Salmonella litigation provided by Marler Clark, the Seattle law firm nationally recognized for its successful representation of victims of foodborne illness. The firm sponsors a Web site specifically about Salmonella, its symptoms, risks of infection, treatment, and news about outbreaks.

Orange juice, cantaloupes recalled

Unpasteurized orange juice products from Orchid Island Juice Co. of Fort Pierce, Fla., have, according to this story, been recalled because they may be contaminated with salmonella. The juice is packaged and distributed under a variety of brand names, including Nino Salvaggio's, Westborn Market and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice. The products do not bear a warning label that the juice is unpasteurized.

A total of 685 cases of cantaloupes from Eagle Produce of Scottsdale, Ariz., have also been recalled because they may be contaminated with salmonella. The cantaloupes may have been distributed to retail stores in 26 states from June 27-29. Product labeling on the cardboard box front panel reads in part: "Product of U.S.A. Cantaloupes, Martori Farms, Scottsdale, Arizona 85260-2426."

Juvenile Reactive Arthritis

Arthritis, in children or adults, is called "reactive" when it is due to a delayed reaction to an infection. The arthritis usually occurs two to four weeks after the infection and lasts from eight to 16 weeks. It may recur or last longer in some people. Current research supports combining antibiotics with other treatments for this condition.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Joint problems in large joints, such as hips, knees and ankles, and sacroiliac joints
  • Affects fingers and toes
  • Joint problems on one side of the body only
  • Swelling of entire fingers or toes, making them resemble sausages
  • HLA-B27 genetic tissue type

Causes

The most common infections causing juvenile reactive arthritis include:

  • Bowel infections, such as dysentery and food poisoning
  • Bacteria, such as shigella, campylobacter or salmonella
  • Sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlalmydia

Rock Springs cafe closes amid salmonella reports

Owners of a Rock Springs restaurant have voluntarily closed due to a possible link to a salmonella outbreak. Seven or eight cases have been reported in Sweetwater County, and the county Health Department is investigating, the agency's Jodye Wilmes said.

Officials said the cases might be linked to Sand's Cafe on 9th Street.

The restaurant's owners closed voluntarily and are contacting suppliers to help with the investigation. ''The owners of Sand's are taking a very proactive view,'' said George Lemich, attorney for the restaurant.

The cafe has begun extensive sanitizing of cooking and eating utensils, food preparation surfaces and other equipment, according to Wilmes and Lemich.
 

Senators back food safety bill

Both U.S. senators from Wisconsin are supporting a bill to strengthen the authority of the USDA - authority that was struck down by federal court about four years ago.

The Meat and Poultry Pathogen and Reduction Act stems from a 2001 court case, Supreme Beef v. USDA, in which the beef processor sued the USDA after the government threatened to pull federal inspectors out of the plant, which would essentially shut it down. The Texas-based Supreme Beef Processors Inc. had failed the USDA's salmonella tests three times in less than a year, but claimed in the suit that by law, the USDA could not shut down the plant. Once a district court ruled in favor of the beef processor, the USDA appealed.

The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the USDA acted outside its regulatory authority, saying that "the performance standard, of itself, cannot serve as a proxy for cross-contamination," with other pathogens, and that "salmonella itself does not render a product 'injurious to health.'"

According to the FDA, when beef is ground to make hamburger, bacteria that may have been present on the surface of the meat end up inside the meat and are less likely to be killed if the proper temperature is not reached while cooking.

Ground beef should be cooked to at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit. If no thermometer is available to ensure this happens, the FDA recommends that consumers not eat ground beef that is still pink inside.
 

FDA Issues Nationwide Health Alert on Orchid Island Unpasteurized Orange Juice Products

The FDA is issuing a nationwide warning to consumers against drinking unpasteurized orange juice products distributed under a variety of brand names by Orchid Island Juice Company of Fort Pierce, Florida, because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium and have been associated with an outbreak of human disease caused by this organism.

To date there have been reports of 15 cases of a matching strain of illness directly linked to a history of consumption of Orchid Island Juice from mid-May to June in Michigan, Ohio and Massachusetts. In addition, at least 16 other states have reported cases of Salmonella Typhimurium infection that match this specific strain. Further investigations are underway to determine if these infections are also related to these products or not.

The unpasteurized product comes in a variety of containers distributed to retail stores and restaurants under various brand names. The products are identified on the labels as freshly squeezed or fresh orange juice. The following labels are involved: Nino Salvaggio's, Westborn Market, and Natalie's Orchid Island Juice. Orchid Island Juice bottles products under other brand names that have not yet been provided to FDA by the company. These products do not bear a warning label that the juice is unpastuerized. Such warning labels do appear on many unpasteurized juice products, so consumers should not assume these products are safe to consume simply because they do not bear the "unpasteurized" warning label.

Dr. Robert Brackett, Director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition said, "It is important to note, however, that the vast majority of orange juice sold in stores is pasteurized and safe to drink."

 

Cantaloupe items recalled; possible salmonella contamination cited

The Irwindale, California company O-B-I-M, a producer of fresh-cut fruit, says it's issued a recall of various fresh-cut cantaloupe items because of a risk of salmonella contamination.

The company says it was informed that one of its cantaloupe suppliers, Martori Farms of Scottsdale, indicated that a sample of raw cantaloupes tested positive for salmonella on the cantaloupe skin.

The California company that sells packaged fruit in sealed, clear-plastic containers ranging in size from six ounces to five pounds are under way to stop distribution of the product to retail stores in the southwest, the south and the midwest under both the O-B-I-M and Ready Pac brand names.

Salmonella outbreak investigated

"Because the investigation is ongoing and we're still trying to narrow down our focus, we don't want to prematurely implicate people or institutions -- or do anything that might compromise the investigation," said Tim LaFountain, district epidemiologist at the Staunton-Augusta Health Department, after a recent salmonella outbreak in Augusta County.

LaFountain said that health experts were still trying to establish the scope of the outbreak, and cautioned residents to practice normal, good hygiene, and to report symptoms of severe abdominal pain, fever and vomiting to their family health practitioners, and that the outbreak is under investigation by health authorities, who declined to disclose the location or time of the disease's discovery.

Summer Food Safety Guidelines Stressed

At the same time temperatures rise, people are more likely to leave food unrefrigerated for longer time periods. Food sits out at picnics, barbecues and during travel, and the number of food borne illnesses increases during the summer.

Bacteria love the hot, humid days of summer and grow faster than at any other time of the year. When the temperature is above 90 degrees, the time perishable food can be left outside the refrigerator or freezer drops from two hours to one hour.

Beat bacteria this summer with these tips for safe food from The Pilot:

  • Keep perishable foods cool by transporting them to the picnic site in an insulated cooler kept cold with ice or frozen gel packs. Perishable foods include meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products, pasta, rice, cooked vegetables, and fresh-peeled and/or cut fruits and vegetables. Also, pack the cooler immediately before leaving home with foods that have been kept chilled in the refrigerator. Avoid frequently opening the cooler containing perishable food. If you can, pack beverages in one cooler and perishables in another.
  • Wash surface of fruit. Though only the inside of the melons are eaten, the outside rind needs to be washed as bacteria are present in the soil which can contaminate the skin of the melon and then be transferred when the melon is cut into.
  • When making homemade ice cream, use an egg-based ice cream recipe that uses cooked, stirred custard instead.
  • Bacteria normally are found on the external surface of larger cuts of meat like beefsteaks. Steaks are safe cooked to 145 degrees (versus 160 degrees for ground-up meat such as hamburgers) since the outside will reach a temperature high enough to kill these surface bacteria. However, if a steak is poked with a knife or fork, these bacteria can be pushed into the steak and then the steak must be cooked to 160 degrees, the same as hamburgers. Use a long handle tong to handle meat on the grill. Use a separate set of tongs for removing cooked meat, poultry and seafood from the grill.
  • Avoid cross-contamination. Place cooked meat, poultry and seafood on a clean plate, rather than the plate on which it was carried to the grill.
  • When possible, wash hands with warm soapy water for 20 seconds before handling food.
  • When eating away from home, pack disposable towels or hand sanitizer if no hand washing facilities are available.
     

Summer food safety tips

Craig Hedberg of the University of Minnesota's School of Public Health says that while it's a pleasure to eat outside, the risks for contracting food-borne illnesses are higher when you prepare and serve a meal out of doors.

Often people skip the crucial step of washing one’s hands when eating outside because running water isn't readily available. But going out of your way to wash your hands will go a long way toward reducing the risk of tainting food with harmful, says Hedberg.

Improper handling raw meat and poultry is a huge culprit in causing food poisoning. Make sure that raw meat and poultry, or their juices, don't come in contact with any raw foods that are on the menu. It's also important to not re-contaminate the cooked meat or poultry by putting it back on the dish that held it when it was raw. Bacteria could still be living there.

To get rid of dangerous bacteria, thoroughly cooking meat and poultry is imperative. To tell if food is done, use a food thermometer that reads the meat or poultry's internal temperature. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends that chicken breasts be cooked to 170 degrees, hamburgers to 160 degrees, and steaks to 145 degrees. People who are concerned about hamburgers should consider using irradiated meat. The treatment process kills most dangerous bacteria, reducing the likelihood that they will cause anyone to become ill.

Protect salads by thoroughly washing fresh fruits and vegetables under running water to remove all dirt and visible contamination. Cut away bruised or damaged parts, which are great spots for bacteria to thrive. Once produce has been cleaned and cut up, keep it cool until it is ready to be served. Even fresh fruit and veggies can grow harmful bacteria like salmonella when sitting outdoors in warm temperatures.

While many people think of mayonnaise as a primary culprit for causing food poisoning, this reputation is not deserved. These days, people don't make their own mayonnaise, instead using a store-bought product made with pasteurized eggs and an acid, like vinegar, and while this keeps unsafe bacteria at bay, it's still important to keep dishes made with mayo cold.

To make sure your summer gatherings stay fun, Hedberg says, follow this rule of thumb: keep your cold foods cold and your hot foods hot, and your guests will go away happy and healthy.

William D. Marler, Food Poisoning Attorney - Lawyer

William D. Marler (www.williammarler.com), an attorney at Marler Clark LLP PS (http://www.marlerclark.com) has extensive experience representing victims of bacterial and viral food poisonings. Since 1993, Marler Clark has represented victims of most of the largest foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, including the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli, 1998 Odwalla E. coli, 1999 Sun Orchard Salmonella, 2002 ConAgra E. coli and Chili's Salmonella outbreaks, the 2003 Chi Chi's Hepatitis A outbreak, and the 2004 Sheetz Salmonella outbreak.
Bill feels that a lawyer should do more than just sue corporations. That is why he speaks frequently on issues of safe food and formed Outbreak, Inc. (http://www.outbreakinc.com), a not-for-profit business dedicated to explaining to companies why it is in their interest to avoid food illness litigation. Bill also has created (http://marlerblog.com) as a way of updating the Web on issues of interest to him.

Don't let the food poisoning bug get you

Northeast Colorado Health Department's Deanna Herbert warns that most food poisoning cases happen in the summer months. Warmer weather is the perfect environment for bacteria in food to multiply rapidly so it's very important to take those extra precautions for safe food handling during this time, especially when you're preparing perishable foods such as meat, poultry, seafood and egg products, and salads that contain mayonnaise.

Tips that will help keep your outdoor feasts safe this summer:

  • Wash your hands with hot, soapy water before and after handling food.
    When shopping, buy cold food like meat and poultry last, right before you checkout.
  • Defrost meat and poultry completely before grilling so it cooks more evenly. Use the refrigerator for slow, safe thawing or thaw sealed packages in cold, running water, however you may defrost in the microwave if the food will be placed immediately on the grill.
  • When carrying food to another location, keep it at 40F or below to minimize bacterial growth. Use an insulated cooler with sufficient ice or ice packs to keep the food in. Pack food right from the refrigerator to the cooler immediately before leaving home. Keep the cooler in the coolest part of the car.
  • Be sure there are plenty of clean utensils and platters. To prevent food borne illness, don't use the same plate and utensils for raw and cooked meat and poultry.
  • Refrigerate foods when marinating for long periods of time. Don't use sauce that was used to marinate raw meat or poultry on cooked food. Boil used marinade before applying to cooked food.
  • Use a meat thermometer to ensure that food reaches a safe internal temperature. Hamburgers should be cooked to 160 F, whole large cuts of beef such as roasts and steaks may be cooked to 145F for medium rare, or to 160F for medium. Cook ground poultry to 165F and poultry parts to 170F. Fish should be opaque and flake easily.
  • Refrigerate any leftovers promptly in shallow containers. Discard any food that is left out more than two hours (one hour if the temperatures are above 90F).
     

In Australia, salmonella strikes Va., N.C. travelers

Janette Rodrigues of The Virginian-Pilot reports that of 40 children and four adults from southeastern Virginia and North Carolina that were on an educational trip to Australia, 14 students and two leaders fell violently ill with salmonella poisoning and had to be hospitalized.

Health officials in Australia think members of the group ate contaminated food, said Bill Bland, vice president of youth programs for the organization, which is based in Spokane, Washington. The source of the outbreak is still under investigation.

The first child fell ill Thursday with what Australian health officials have confirmed is a type of salmonella , a sometimes fatal infection that causes diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps, dehydration and headaches. During a three- to four-day period more from the group became sick.

In all, 27 members of the group had symptoms of food poisoning.As of Tuesday afternoon , three children and an adult were still hospitalized.

 

Outbreak Of Salmonella

Mahoning County

We may never know what led to an outbreak of salmonella at a local nursing home. The Ohio Department of Health has wrapped up its investigation at Humility House without conclusive results.

According to a release -- they say they were unable to determine a cause and may never be able to identify the source of the bacteria. 14 cases of Salmonella were identified at the facility late last month.

State Issues Warning Salmonella Disease

South Carolina is facing at least two outbreaks of salmonella, one of which could be attributed to raw or undercooked eggs. In an effort to prevent cases of the disease in North Carolina, state health officials are reminding North Carolinians to take appropriate measures when handling and using eggs.

State Health Director Dr. Leah Devlin stated that "North Carolina has reported 453 cases of salmonella in the first five months of 2005, which consists of cases contracted from food, people and pets, almost four times that number of cases were reported in 2004.”

The bacterium that causes salmonella enteritidis can be found inside seemingly normal eggs, but if eggs are eaten raw or undercooked, the bacteria can cause sickness and even death.To prevent infection with salmonella enteritidis, follow these rules when buying, storing, preparing, serving and eating eggs:

  • Don't eat raw eggs. This includes beverages made with raw eggs and foods traditionally made with raw eggs such as Caesar salad, hollandaise sauce, homemade mayonnaise, ice cream, eggnog and cookie dough, unless the dish was made with a pasteurized liquid egg product or pasteurized in-shell eggs. Egg mixtures made with an egg-milk base cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees are safe, too. Use a thermometer to make sure the mixtures reach the correct temperature.
  • Buy clean eggs. At the store, choose Grade A or AA eggs with clean, uncracked shells. Open the carton and check that the eggs are clean and uncracked. Make sure they've been refrigerated in the store. Any bacteria present in an egg can multiply quickly at room temperature. Don't wash eggs.
  • Refrigerate eggs. Store eggs in their carton in the coldest part of the refrigerator -- not in the door -- and use within three to five weeks. The refrigerator should be set at 40 degrees or slightly below. Keep hard-cooked eggs in the refrigerator, not at room temperature. Use within one week.
  • Freeze eggs for longer storage. Eggs should not be frozen in their shells. To freeze eggs, beat yolks and whites together. Egg whites also can be frozen by themselves. Use frozen eggs within one year.
  • Cleanliness is key. Wash hands, utensils, equipment and work areas with warm, soapy water before and after contact with eggs and egg-rich foods. Don't leave cooked eggs out of the refrigerator for more than two hours. When baking or cooking, take out the eggs you need, and then return the carton to the refrigerator.
  • Cook eggs until yolks are firm. Many cooking methods can be used to cook eggs safely including poaching, hard cooking, scrambling, frying and baking. Casseroles and other dishes containing eggs should be cooked to 160 degrees as measured with a food thermometer. Serve cooked eggs and dishes containing eggs immediately after cooking, or place in shallow containers for quick cooling and refrigerate at once for later use. Use within three to four days.

Steering clear of salmonella

According to CDC, an estimated 76 million cases of food poisoning occur each year in the United States; some 5,000 are fatal. The best defense against salmonellosis and other food-borne diseases is safe food handling, says the Washington Post, and for 20 years, the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service has been trying to get that message to consumers, but changes in the food industry and Americans' eating habits make the job challenging.

To avoid infection at home: Wash hands and utensils after preparing raw meat. Put those cooked foods  onto a clean plate -- not the one that held uncooked meat. Cook food thoroughly and serve hot food hot. Don't thaw meat at room temperature. Scrub produce before slicing it.

For eating out, here are a few other tips:

  • Shun any fresh-cooked food that doesn't arrive at your table piping hot. Ditto for any cold food that appears lukewarm.
  • Pass up foods containing raw eggs -- a common source of salmonella bacteria. Ceasar salads, hollandaise sauce and French silk pie are among foods that often contain them.
  • Order your food cooked to a safe internal temperature. Diane Van, manager of the USDA Meat and Poultry hot line, says she asks for her hamburger cooked to at least 160 degrees -- the recommended temperature.
  • Doggie bags may seem a good idea, but dispose of any food that you can't refrigerate within two hours. In summer heat, make that one hour.
     

Salmonellosis

From the CDC

What is salmonellosis?

Salmonellosis is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most persons recover without treatment. However, in some persons the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In these patients, the Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics. The elderly, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness.

A Taste of Food Poisoning

Carole Sugarman, a former Washington Post food reporter, now covers the Agriculture Department for Food Chemical News, reports that the CDC estimates that there are 76 million cases of food-borne illness a year in the United States, a problem that sends nearly 325,000 people a year to the hospital; 5,000 a year die from it. The young, the old and the immune-compromised are hit hardest.

Patricia Griffin, chief of the food-borne disease branch of the CDC, said that an emergency room physician recently told her that she doesn't take stool cultures anymore since the results generally don't come back for a couple of days -- after the patient has been discharged. Plus, she said, a positive result wouldn't affect treatment: Although the type and severity of food-borne disease determines the specific therapy, many infections are not treated with antibiotics or anti-diarrhea medications. That's because antibiotics can complicate the condition and possibly lead to drug resistance, and anti-diarrheals keep the disease-causing bacteria in the system rather than help get it out. Since in many cases, there's no treatment other than keeping hydrated, doctors may figure it's fruitless to take a culture. "In their minds, they're not going to do anything different," Griffin said.

Although state procedures vary somewhat, the basic protocol for responding to a suspected food-borne illness is this: If a stool sample tests positive for food-borne bacteria, the results are supposed to be reported to the state, which then alerts the CDC. The hospital or private lab is urged to send a sample of the bacteria to the state, which does further testing to determine the serotype -- the specific strain of the bacteria identified. Knowing the serotype may help identify the food that caused the problem, since certain serotypes are more common to specific foods. Monitoring serotypes also helps the CDC keep tabs on which strains are increasing in prevalence and which are decreasing.

The state labs may also take a genetic fingerprint of the bacteria and enter it into a CDC database, to see if there are any matches. Since food processors distribute their food nationwide, people in Maine and California could get sick from the same firm's hamburgers. DNA matches could help spot outbreaks and stop them from spreading.

The good news: E. coli O157:H7, campylobacter, cryptosporidium, listeria and yersinia -- underwent significant declines in 2004, compared with 1996-1998. The bad news: Salmonella infections showed the smallest decline. Of 15,806 laboratory-diagnosed cases of food-borne infections from the 10 states under CDC surveillance, more cases -- 6,464 -- were from salmonella than any other bug, but the CDC estimates that 38 cases occur for every one that's actually reported.

Figuring out what made an individual person get sick often is impossible. "Sometimes you can, sometimes you can't," said Donna Rosenbaum, a food safety consultant and the first executive director of Safe Tables Our Priority (STOP), an advocacy group for victims of food-borne disease. "Occasionally you get lucky."

Salmonella warning over Spanish lettuce

Spanish vegetables, many of which end up on British dinner plates, are being watered with untreated sewage in parts of Spain as farmers battle to raise crops in a severe drought according to The Guardian.

The environment minister, Cristina Narbona warned cabinet ministers that more farmers in the vegetable-growing region of Murcia would use untreated sewage if clean irrigation water were not made available "When they don't get irrigation water, they turn to other kinds of water."

Britain's Food Standards Agency confirmed yesterday that an outbreak of the resistant form of salmonella, Typhimurium DT104, in January had been linked to imported Spanish vegetables. "The source seemed to be iceberg lettuce from the Murcia region," a spokesman said.

The 96 reported cases were more than three times the norm for this kind of salmonella in Britain, and of the 90, 11 people needed hospital treatment. In Finland, there have been 56 cases of salmonella compared with an annual average of three.

It was unclear yesterday whether there was any scientific evidence to back Ms Narbona's link between health problems abroad with the use of untreated sewage. "The limited outbreaks observed to date suggest that only a small proportion of lettuce was contaminated," the Finnish health authorities noted, however  the Food Standards Agency yesterday advised cooks to wash lettuce, wherever it came from.

Summertime Safety - Avoiding Salmonella

Federal public health authorities estimate that up to 4 million cases of salmonellosis occur each year in the United States. Salmonella can cause what is known as a food-borne illness. That means it is caused by eating a contaminated food or beverage. Pathogens such as bacteria, parasites and viruses can cause food- borne sickness, as can any poisonous chemicals added to food. More than 250 types of food-borne diseases have been identified, according to the CDC, although people have also contracted illness from salmonella by handling animals that carry the bacteria.

At least 24 cases of salmonellosis have been reported so far this year in the Roanoke and Alleghany Health Districts, epidemiologist Lex Gibson said. The number of reported cases in the districts for all of 2004 was 46, which most were independent, unrelated cases, but several members of one family did get salmonella infections from eating eggs from their chickens.

The CDC estimates that 76 million cases of food-borne illness occur each year. Most are mild, but about 325,000 result in hospitalizations and 5,000 in death. And authorities believe many more cases are never reported at all. Though food-borne illnesses are generally treatable, public health officials are concerned because they are seeing more antibiotic-resistant pathogens. And they have also seen established pathogens turn up in new organisms.

Salmonella, for example, was always associated with eggs and chickens. But in recent years, public health officials have identified more strains of the bacteria in produce, and bacteria are also good at picking up genetic material and mutating, according to Dr. Robert Tauxe, chief of the Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch at the CDC.

Gibson said epidemiologists are seeing a rise in the number of a certain strain of salmonella, called salmonella enteritidis. This strain is more closely associated with poultry and is believed to be passed from hen to egg. "We're seeing it all across the state," Gibson said. He estimated that 40 percent of the Virginia cases of salmonella are this particular strain, which can be carried inside an egg yolk.

According to Tauxe, during the 1970s, less than 1 percent of food-borne illnesses were associated with fresh produce, however through the 1990s, it rose to 6 percent. In recent years, food-borne illnesses in the United States have been traced to green onions and canteloupe from Mexico, snow peas from Guatemala and alfalfa from Australia, he said. The United States, in turn, has exported almonds with salmonella to Canada and ground beef with E. coli to Japan, he said.

FDA ISSUES NATIONWIDE ALERT ON POSSIBLE HEALTH RISK

The FDA is alerting the public that products containing "cake batter" ice cream sold at Cold Stone Creamery stores throughout the country may be associated with an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in several states.

The ice cream's possible contamination with this organism came to light after multiple cases of infection with this form of Salmonella were reported in late May and early June, 2005 in Minnesota, Washington, Oregon and Ohio. Cold Stone Creamery has agreed to immediately remove all "cake batter" ice cream products from its stores throughout the country.

To date, 14 people are ill from this unusual strain of Salmonella. Many of the people reporting this illness also reported consuming "cake batter" ice cream at a Cold Stone Creamery shortly before the onset of their illness.

Dr. Robert Brackett, Director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, said that the "FDA is working with the CDC and our state partners to determine the source of the contaminated product and is issuing this alert to protect the public.”

Salmonella Typhimurium is an organism, which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in small children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy people may only suffer short-term symptoms, such as high fever, severe headache, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea and long term complications can include arthritis.  

Nursery Salmonella Probe As Children Infected

A children's nursery is the suspected source of an outbreak of salmonella food poisoning which has so far affected four children in County Durham.

Four youngsters aged three upwards have been confirmed by laboratory tests as being infected, with four more suspected cases. A trust spokeswoman confirmed that a nursery in Bishop Auckland was one possible source.


She said none of the four children with the bug had been admitted to hospital.


"Salmonella infections cause a range of symptoms, including watery and sometimes bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting and fever,” she said. "The infection occurs through eating contaminated food, mainly of animal origin, or through close contact with an infected person or animal.”